Riveting machine



Sept. 27, 1938. w. .E. MARCHANT 2,131,688

RIVETING MACHINE Filed Feb. 19 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet l FIG.I..

INVENTOR. WILLIAM MARCHANT Sept. 27, 1938. w. E. MARCHANT- RIVETING MACHINE 4 Filed Feb. 19, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

WILLIAM E-MARCHANT 4% M 6 4 M v A ORN S RIVETING MACHINE Filed Feb. 19, 19s? 3 sheets-sheet s 'INVENTOR.

WILLIAM E. MAROHANT W 4/ I00 OM35 Patented Sept. 27, 1938 UNITED sTArss RIVETING MACHINE William E. Marchant, Detroit, Mich; Frankie Lee Marchant executrix of deceased William- E. Marchant, 7

Application February 19, 1937, Serial No. 126,700 15 Claims. "(01. 29-33) This invention relates to fastening devices, particularly for securing together sheet or panellike material, and especially concerns riveting mechanisms and other forms of metallic fasteners.

An important object of the invention is the provision of an improved automatic combined punching and riveting machine, adapted to perform the required operations in quick succession and Without movement of the work.

10 Improved compensating means for riveting machines, so arranged as to prevent interference with proper upsetting of the rivets due to unevennesses in the thickness of the work, comprises another object of the invention; 1

Another important object is the incorporation in such machines of improved non-repeating means for preventing repeated actuation of the mechanism on a single depression or release of the operating pedal or element.

Still another object lies in the incorporation in an automatic punching and riveting machine having a generally C-shaped frame, in conjunction with spaced punching and riveting plungers mounted in a movable turret carried by the head of the machine, of cooperating punching and anvil portions mounted and slidable in the bed of the machine and operable in conjunction with the turret.

A further object is the provision of an improved slidable anvil assembly for riveting and/ or punching machines, arranged to slide to a readily accessible position to facilitate loading of the work when the operating parts are retracted from each other, and which upon commencement of the cycle of actuation of the operating parts is returned to operative position, carrying the loaded work.

Still other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description, wherein 4 reference is made to the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of my invention and wherein similar reference numerals designate similar parts throughout the several views.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevational view of an automatic punching and riveting machine incorporating the principles of my invention.

Figures 2 and 3 are fragmentary front elevation 59 and sectional views taken respectively on the lines 22 and 33 of Figure 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, showing the non-repeating clutch mechanism, in a dif- 55 ferent position.

Figure5 is a view similar to Figure l, but partly broken away, of a riveting machine of somewhat modified construction, incorporating adifferent form of sliding anvil. c

Figure 5-A is a sectional detailed view of the anvil assembly showing the drifting locating pin in retracted position.

. Referring now tothe drawings, themachine shown in Figure 1 constitutes a further development of the construction disclosed in Lloyd D. Marchant patent, No. 2,069,042, issued January 26, 1937. A frame is provided comprising a column 22 carrying a table portion 25 and a head portion 28, the latter supporting aslidable head section or carriage 30 movable horizontally in the frame 15 and carrying punching and riveting plungers 3l32, vertically reciprocable toward and from the anvil assembly 35 mounted upon the table. Bysliding the carriage either plunger maybe aligned with the operating position of the anvil, 20 and with the coaxially disposed driving ram 40, vertically slidable in the head. The ram engages the exposed top of whicheverworking plunger may be aligned therewith, and is depressed to actuate the same by acam 42 carried upon drivev shaft 44, journaled in bearings 45-51 carried by the head, thedrive being indicated as by belt) through pulley45., a The punching operation is performed by the plunger 3| with the carriage in the rear or retracted position, where it is held by a latch piece 50, reciprocable in the frame into and out of V engagement with a keeper portion 5| carried by the carriage. Descent of the ram acts to release the latch piece, a cam 52 formed upon and oper- 35 able by a slide rod 53 serving to retract the latch, which is normally projected by its return spring 54. The forward end of latch-actuating cam rod 53 is operable by an angular cam surface M formed upon therear face of ram 40.

Descent of the ram will'be seen'to lock the car riage in place, and simultaneously to release latch 56, through rod 53, whereafter the effort of carriage projecting spring 55 to thrust the carriage forwardly is opposed v only by the ram, which while projecting into the carriage, locks the latter in position. As soon as the ram in its upward or return movement leaves the carriage, therefore, the spring moves the carriage forwardly, to a position to align riveting plungeri32 with ram 40.- So much'of the mechanism as has thus far been described will be seen to be similar to that of the punching and riveting machine disclosed in the aforementioned patent to LloydD. Marchant. In

- the present construction, however, theanvil as- 5 sembly, instead of being fixed in the table of the machine, is slidable in the table, its movement being simultaneous with that of the carriage, but opposite in direction.

The anvil assembly is actuated by a lever .51 articulated to the carriage and pivoted in the frame, as upon pin 59, the lower end of the lever being connected by means of a link BI to an anvil carriage 60 upon which the anvil assembly is mounted. Incorporated in link 8| is a cylindrical housing 64 containing a cushioning spring 63, the cylinder being articulated at one end to the lower end of the'lever 51, and the spring bearing against the other end of the cylinder, while the other end of the spring bears against an abutment 65 carried by the link section 6| which is articulated to the anvil carriage and slidable in the cylinder. The spring will be seen to allow independent forward movement of the carriage 30 in event the anvil is held, although acting upon the anvil assembly to urge it toward a predetermined position with relation to the carriage 30.

Instead of directly supporting the anvil car riage upon ways formed in the table 25, I preferably mount it for sliding travel over a bed plate as 6? carried by the table and capable of limited vertical movement with respect thereto, the plate being yieldably held in desired position by a relatively heavy compensating spring 18 acting through a lever ll journaled in the frame upon pin 12 to hold the carriage and anvil assembly normally raised. At its lower end the spring bears against an abutment plate 11 carried at the bottom of a pull rod 18 which extends through the spring, the upper spring abutment plate 19 being rigidly fixed in the frame, while at its top the pull rod is articulated to the lever I l. The other end of the lever bears upwardly against the bottom of a stem 14 projecting'downwardly from and shown as integral with the bed plate, the stem being vertically slidable in the table. The normal position of the bed plate and anvil is determined by a pair of jamb nuts 16', threaded upon the stem beneath the table. Undue downward pressure upon the anvil 35 is thus transmitted through carriage 68, bed 61, and lever H to the spring 10, which allows but opposes such movement, its tension being greater than the intended upsetting pressure, but such as to allow the anvil to yield in event dangerous pressures are built up, such as might be caused by unusual thickness of the work or length of the rivet.

The anvil assembly incorporates a punch 88, which is vertically slidable and also functions as a locating pin. The punching die 33 is proportioned to interfit with the pin. An upsetting cup or dolly portion 82, is formed in the anvil, shaped and positioned to cooperate with the head of riveting ram 32 and the travel of the anvil assembly. The travel of the anvil is so proportioned to that of the carriage 38 as to align elements 80-33 and 82-32, one at each extreme of movement of the reciprocating carriage and anvil positions.

During certain phases only, the punch is backed by an intermittently reciprocable backing block 85. When the block is not beneath the punch, the latter may be pushed downward sufficiently to free the work, although a relatively light spring 86 urges it upwardly, while when backed by the block, in the manner shown in Figure 1, the punch is rigidly held in projected position, in order that the work may be punched by the telescoping of the die 33 thereover.

A work-compressing and stripping element 81 encircles punch 8!! and is yieldably projected, to substantially the position shown in Figures 1 and 2, by the springs 88, best shown in the latter figure. Such stripper 8'! is supported, and springs 88 are held, by pins 89 carried directly by the table 25, the stripper being thus incapable of reciprocation with the anvil assembly. A latching dog 92 tends to hold the anvil assembly in the projected position in which the punch is aligned with the stripper and with the operating axis of the ram and plungers, such dog and the punchbacking block 85 being operated by lever 57 through suitable connecting links 939B.

When the machine is cooked and ready for operation the parts occupy the position shown, the head being retracted and the anvil projected, to align the punch with punching die Such cooking is effected by means of a foot pedal (unshown) or other operating mechanism so con nected to the rod We that the same may be pulled downward at the will of the operator. The first effect of such downward movement of the rod is to so rock the lever 51 (to the right, as viewed in the drawings) as to return the head carriage 38 and anvil assembly to these positions.

The pull rod IE8 is secured to a slide block if! I, which moves as a unit therewith, and acts upon lever 51 through the laterally projecting arm 58 of the latter, which extends into the path of movement of a dog H32 carried by and reciprocable transversely in the slide Hll. A spring I04 ordinarily projects the dog to a position in which it may engage the end of arm 58 to actuate lever '1 when rod I68 is pulled downward. Dog 5 also extends from the opposite side of slide lei,

where it carries a follower E83 engageable with a fixed cam Hi5 mounted on the housing or bracket iii! in which slide lGl travels, the arrangement being such that as the slide moves downward with the rod, carrying with it the dog H32, the latter engages and rocks lever arm 58 to retract the head carriage 38 far enough to allow the latch piece 50 to drop into the opening in striker 5! and lock the carriage whereafter continued downward movement of the slide block retracts the laterally slidable dog I02, due to engagement of its follower I03 with cam I05, freeing the dog from the arm 58 and allowing continued independent downward movement of the rod and slide, to thereafter trip the clutch mechanism and cause depression of the operating ram and so of punching die 33. The cam I85 is shown as adjustably secured to guide bracket it! by means of the clamping bolt I89.

The drive from pu'lley 45 to cam 42 is controlled by a non-repeating clutch mechanism shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4, which allows but a single actuation of the cam 42, and so of ram 40, upon each depression of the operating pull rod I88. Such clutch comprises an internally toothed ring H5 secured to and turning with pulley 45, the pulley being journaled upon the end of shaft 44 for independent rotation except when locked thereto through the ring. With the notched interior of the ring a key H6, radially slidable in the shaft, cooperates. As shown'in Figure 1, the body of the key is mounted to the left and clear of the ring, and a toothed portion H1 of the key projects into the area encircled by the ring, and is movable into and out of engagement with the notched interior thereof to clutch and free the shaft with respect to the pulley. The body of the key l l6 projects from the shaft beside the ring, and an operating cam H8 rockable upon an axis transverse to-the shaft lies normally in the path of the key and :holds it in the pressed-in position which frees tooth II I from the ring and allows the drive pulley to turn freely. When the cam II8.is rocked upon its shaft I20, to the left as viewed in Figure 1 (and toward the observer as viewed in Figures 3 and 4)., the key is projected by the spring I22 trapped therebeneath in the shaft, and the tooth II'I, engaging the notched ring, locks the pulley to the shaft, thereby turning the latter. A blocking arm H9 also projects upward from cam IIB into the path of movement of the key, which arm serves to hold the shaft and so the 'cam 42 in the desired position, corresponding to retraction of the ram, at the completion of each revolution of the shaft. A spring 25 normally holds the cam and blocking arm in the de-clutching and blocks ing position shown in Figures 1 and 3. The blocking arm may be swung from such blocking position by pull rod 30, the upper extension I00 of which acts thereupon through a link I26 articulated to its top by a pin I2! parallel to shaft 20, which pin allows the link to swing away from such shaft, toward which it is urged, however, by the spring I28. Link I26 is notched as at I29 for engagement with a pin I30 carried by an actuating arm I32 projecting laterally from cam and blocking member I I8.i IS, with which it may be integrally formed. When the rod I00 is pulled down, it will be seen that the combined cam and blocking member II8-I I9 is rocked to the left, resulting in engagement of the clutch and rotation of the shaft. A cam I 35 carried by the shaft projects therefrom far enough to engage the upper end of link I25, even when the latter is pulled down to this position, and is arranged to trip the same to the left, as viewed in Figure 1, freeing pin I30 and allowing the combined cam and blocking member II8--II9 to return independently, before the completion of the revolution, to blocking and declutching position, the shaft being thus stopped at the completion of the single turn. It will be seen that thereafter the clutch cannot be disengaged and the shaft rotated until the rod I00 is allowed to rise and element I26 relatched with the pin I30, whereafter the operation may be repeated.-

So long, however, as the operator maintains his foot upon the operating pedal, the machine will perform but a single operation and then stop. A spring I31 tends to return the rod and the operating elements carried thereby to the upper position.

An arm I40 carried at the rear end of the slidable head carriage 30 projects upwardly there from, and when the head moves forward engages the spring 56 carried by the latch-operating cam rod 53, and acts through such spring to throw the rod to the forward position which allows engagement of latch bolt 50. During such movement arm I40 also strikes a bell-crank I42 journaled on a cross shaft I44, and the other arm of the bellcrank, bearing downwardly against a lug I45 fastened to the rod section I00, thereby reactuates the rod, if the same has been released, to free the clutch for engagement a second time and automatically institute the second actuation of ram 40 required to perform the riveting operation.

The operation of the machine will be seen to be normally effected by a single depression of the pedal, which first retracts and cooks the head and throws the anvil assembly forward to the riveting position, the cocking being effected by dog I02 acting through lever 5?. Continued the influence of spring 55, and the spring 63 is compressed, tending to pull back the anvil assembly, although movement of the anvil cannot take place so long as pin projects through the stripper 81. and through the work. Forward movement of the carriage again trips cam II8, providing pull rod I00 has in the interval been released. If it has not been soreleased, it will be seen to be necessary to r'eactuate the pull rod, which of course constitutes. a safety feature. In either event the succeeding second revolution of cam 42 actuates the riveting plunger 32, which forces a rivet (unshown) from the jaws I50 (into which the rivet has been fed by conventional or any suitable feeding mechanism, also'unshown) into the punched hole in the work. Lost motion is incorporated in the pull rod assembly by means of a collar I06 secured to one section of the rod, while the other section is limitedly, slidable relatively thereto by virtue of a pin and slot connection.

As soon as the stem of the rivet has pushed the rivet stem, rearward movement of the lower;

end of lever 51, as the turret moved forwardly, having previously released the latch member 92.

Figure 5 shows a riveting'machine arranged for riveting only, carried by a C-frame 2!a hav-.

ing a head portion 280, and a table 25a. The head carries a ram' 40a operable bya crank 42a and pitman 43a drivable by a shaft 44a which is in turn drivable by a pulley 45a through a non-, repeating clutch mechanism generally designated I I5a, the construction of which may be generally similar to that of the non-repeating clutch de.- scribed in connection with the firstembodiment. The ram 40a is adapted to drive a riveting plunger 32a, by which a rivet supported in the rivet holding jaws I50a may be forced through an aperture'previously formed in the work, and upset against the anvil assembly generally designated 35a. The operating pull rod IBM is not connected directly to the clutch-controlling member I26a, but serves to actuate a bellcrank I55 fulcrumed on a cross-shaft I56 carried by the table 25a. The anvil assembly 35ais slidable with its supporting carriage 60a upon the'table, and

actuable by the bellcrank from a forwardly pro-;

jected loading position, in which it is shown in Figure 5, to a working position in alignment with the axis of the riveting plunger, whereat it is stopped by engagement of stop screw I5! with plate I02 against movement with relation to each 7 other, the cam plate being slidable in the same direction, in a slot in the carriage, and the bellcrank I55 bearing only against the cam plate in inducing rearward movement of the carriage. When the bellcrank is rocked to the right as viewed in Figure 5, the carriage a and cam plate I62 travel to the rear as a unit until the carriage is stopped and held in operative position by stop screw I51. Thereafter continued movement of the bellcrank moves the carnplate alone, compressing spring lfifl. The cam, during such continued movement, first actuates a motion-increasingmechanism for increasing the travel of the ram, and then forces down the extension pull rod Illla connected to the non-repeating clutch.

As' indicated in the figure, the riveting plunger 32a is slidable directly in the head. To increase its initial. travel, as is frequently desirable in working upon parts deeplydrawn, orhaving considerable overhang, and accordingly demanding more than usual retraction and initial movement of the operating. plunger, I provide a motion-increasing cam. Hi5 slidable laterallyin the head and operable by the foot pedal or other actuating means through the supplementary extension pull rod lQl previously mentioned. The multiplying mechanism acts to' initially actuate the plunger 32a. and advance the same to a predetermined. extent before the power drive is applied thereto. Such preliminary movement of the plunger 32a is effected by forward movement of the cam ne, which movement is transmitted to cam I!!! when rod MI is moved downward, through an angular cam slot I74 formed in the rearward extension of cam I10, in which slot a roller H5 carried at the top of rod l9! travels when the rod is pulled downwardly. Trapped in the body of cam Ht is a drifting plunger I'll so positioned as to be aligned with plungers Ada-32a. when cam lid is in the forward position.

The operation of the mechanism, although doubtless apparent from the foregoing, may be summarized as follows: With the machine at rest, the anvil assembly being in forward position, work may be very conveniently loaded thereupon, for which purpose the drifting dolly pin 82a forming the central section of the anvil serves as a pilot. As shown in Figure 5-A, the top of 'the dolly pin 82a is conical, and its depressed or operating position shown in that view is such that the base of the conical tip lies substantially in the bottom of the frusto-conical or cupped portion H38, which with the rigid dolly section I82 in which the pin is slidable forms an upsetting cup. The stripper 35a surrounding the dolly body is indicated as yieldably projected by a spring l83. The pointed dolly pin constitutes the first part of'the anvil engaged by the end of the rivet shank, and serves to initiate the upsetting of solid rivets from the center outwardly, insuring a smooth outward flow of the metal during formation of the upset head, similar to that obtained in the rolling of the head of an eyelet or tubular rivet, and greatly reducing the possibility of fracture, which is ordinarily greater in the heading of solid rivets.

The work is carried into operating position with the dolly assembly when the bellcrank I55 is actuated during the initial part of its movement. Continued movement-of the bellcrank advances the plunger downwardly upon the work, by actuation of the cam I10, and thereafter applies the power drive, upon sufficient actuation of rod Hlla, although the latter does not occur until alignment of the drifting extension plunger I'll allows transmission of the power drive therethrough.

What I claim is:

1. In a riveting machine, a frame, operatively aligned anvil and ram portions carried by the frame,' one reciprocable toward and from another, work compressing means yieldably projectible fromone of said'portions toward the other to compress the work before and during upsetting, said compressing means being retractible under the upsetting pressure which urges said members together and being arranged on opposite sides of one of said portions, and work locating means comprising a drifting pin portion centrally projecting from one of said portions toward the other and retractible into the member by which it is carried under the compression pressure.

2. Means as set forth in claim 1 in which said drifting locating pin forms a central section of the anvil portion, and positive stop means for limiting retraction of said locating member to a position of desired alignment with the remainder of the anvil portion, in which position it forms an operative portion of the anvil for cooperation with said ram portion.

3. Means as set forth in claim 1 in which said drifting locating pin forms a central operative section of the anvil, means for limiting retractive movement of said pin to a position of desired operative alignment with the remainder of the anvil portion, said anvil portion being of generally cupped configuration, and said pin when so retracted forming a pointed reentrant portion centrally disposed in the anvil portion.

4. In a riveting machine, in combination with a frame, relatively reciprocable ram and anvil portions carried thereby, said anvil being of generally concave form, and a pointed reentrant section carried by the anvil projecting toward the ram portion to initiate upsetting of the work by inducing an outflow of metal away from the operative axis of said ram and anvil portions.

5. In a riveting machine, a frame, a ram reciprocable in the frame, an anvil assembly toward and from which said ram is reciprocable, said anvil assembly being laterally movable to and from a position of operative axial alignment with the ram, actuating means for said ram, controlling means for said actuating means including non-repeat mechanism incorporating a member actuable to cause depression of the ram portion, interlocked operating means for said anvil assembly and said member actuable to cause depression of the ram, said operating means acting first upon the anvil assembly to move the same into operative alignment with the ram and then actuating said member.

6. Means as set forth in claim 5 in which said operating means includes a member. continuously movable and acting upon the anvil assembly in the first portion of its travel and to actu ate said member in a later portion of its continuous travel.

'7. In a riveting machine, in combination with a frame, an anvil carried by the frame, a ram reciprocable toward and from the anvil, power driving means for the ram, a release mechanism adapted to be tripped to initiate depression of the, ram under such power drive, a member movable to trip said power drive, and means also actuable by said member for initially moving one of said portions toward the other to increase the effective travel thereof.

8. Means as set forth in claim '7 in which said means for increasing the effective travel of the ram comprises a drifting extension portion for the ram, and mechanical means for moving such extension portion laterally into and out of interposed relation with respect to the remainder of 75 the ram and its driving means, said extension portion when in such interposed position acting to transmit the upsetting pressure from the power drive to the head of the ram portion.

9. Means as set forth in claim 7 in which said means to increase the effective travel of one of said portions comprises an extension member for the ram, common operating means for said extension.- member and for said power driving means, and means also actuable by said operating means for moving the anvil portion laterally into and out of operative alignment with the path of travel of the ram portion.

10. In a combined punching and riveting machine, in combination with a frame, a head portion laterally movable in the frame, punching and riveting ram portions carried by said head portion, power driving means for said ram portions, means for moving the head portion to bring either of said ram portions into a line of operative movement, an anvil assembly carried by the frame, punching and riveting portions carried by said anvil assembly, said anvil assembly being laterally movable to align either of said portions with said line of operative movement, means connecting said head portion and said anvil assembly for simultaneous movement, and power drive means for driving said ram portions toward said anvil assembly.

11. Means as set forth in claim 10 including an operating member for controlling said power drive means, and means providing connection between said operating means and said head and anvil portions, for moving said portions to desired positions upon actuation of said operating means.

12. Means as set forth 'in claim 10 including an operating member for controlling said power drive means, and means providing connection between said operating means and said head and anvil portions, for moving said portions to desired positions upon actuation of said operating means, said means for controlling the power drive means being releasable upon initial actuation of said operating means, said means for moving the head and anvil portions being releasable upon initial actuation of said operating means, and means for moving the head and anvil portions in response to continued movement of said operating means.

13. Means as set forth in claim 10 including yieldable means providing mechanical connection between said head and anvil portions, said yieldable means tending tomaintain said por-' 'tions in a predetermined relation, but allowing independent movement of one in event the other is restrained. I g

14. Means as set forth in claim 1 in which said drifting locating pin forms a central section of the anvil portion, stop means for limiting retraction of said pin to a position of desired alignment with the remainder of the anvil portion, in which position it forms an operative section of the anvil portion for cooperation with said ram portion, and jaw means movable with the ram portion for supporting a rivet with its stem projecting towardand in alignment with the pin and its head toward and engageable by the ram portion, said jaw means being releasable to free the rivet as the stem of the latter is forced through the work and against the pin.

15. Means as set forth in claim 1 in which said anvil portion is located beneath the ram portion and said drifting locating pin is projectable upwardly through the anvil portion, means for limiting retraction of said pin to a position of desired alignment with the remainder of the anvil portion, in which position it forms an operative section of the anvil portion for cooperation with said ram portion, jaw means movable with the.

ram portion and engageable with the stem of a rivet to support the same with its stem projecting downwardly toward and in alignment with the pin, and with its head backed by the ram portion, said jaw means being separable far.

enough to allow the head of the ram to pass therebetween, and to release the rivet, as the stem of the latter is forced downwardly through the work and against said pin.

' WILLIAM E. MARCHANT. 

